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Lets summarize key concepts, which were introduced during the course and are important to know for the exam:
Timeline for brain death/permanent damage after the heart has stopped beating:
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0 to 4 minutes after exhibiting symptoms
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Chances of Brain Damage Minimal
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4 to 6 minutes after exhibiting symptoms
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Chances of Brain Damage Possible
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6 to 10 minutes after exhibiting symptoms
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Chances of Brain Damage Likely
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Greater than 10 minutes after exhibiting symptoms
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Chances of Brain Death Likely
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The following condition warrants immediate CPR: 1) Victim is unconscious; 2) Victim is not breathing; 3) Victim has no pulse
Before CPR
Victims and you are safe, if adult call 911 before CPR, if child/infant initiate CPR and perform 5 reps, 30 compressions each, with 2 rescue breaths or 2 minutes of CPR, then call 911, also make certain you know where you are to help notify emergency services.
CPR
- A-Airway, determine if the person is breathing and check for obstructions by opening airway;
- B-Breathing, perform two mouth to mouth breaths 1 second each;
- C-Circulation, after checking for pulse via carotid artery or brachial artery for infant, perform 30 compressions, interrupted by two mouth to mouth breaths, one second each; repeat until emergency services arrive
- Recommended position for performing CPR is to have victim lying flat on his back
- Recommended rate for effective compressions is 100 compressions per minute
- When performing compressions, make sure the chest returns to its original position
- When performing adult CPR the depth of the compressions should be 1 1/2 to 2 inches deep
- When performing child/infant CPR make sure your compressions are 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
- For child, depending on the size you can use one or two hands
- For infant, use two fingers
- If not comfortable performing mouth to mouth, call 911, but at least administer external chest compressions until help arrives
Proceed to exam
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